Lignosulfonates are made from wood lignin, but “bio-based” does not automatically mean “readily biodegradable”. This page explains what is generally known about how lignosulfonates behave in the environment, and how to read the environmental section of a safety data sheet (SDS).
At a glance
- Origin
- Bio-based, from wood lignin
- Biodegradation
- Slow; lignin structures resist rapid breakdown
- Aquatic toxicity
- Generally reported as low in SDS data
- Where to check
- Section 12 of the SDS for the specific grade
Biodegradability
Lignin is a complex aromatic polymer that is broken down slowly in nature, mainly by fungi. Lignosulfonates behave similarly: they are degraded over time in soil and water but typically do not meet the strict pass levels of “ready biodegradability” screening tests. In practice this means they are not persistent like many synthetic polymers, but they are also not removed quickly.
Aquatic toxicity
SDS data for lignosulfonates generally report low acute toxicity to fish, daphnia and algae. At high concentrations they can colour water and add chemical oxygen demand (COD), so spills and large discharges to surface water should be avoided.
Reading section 12 of an SDS
| SDS item | What it tells you |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | Test results for fish, invertebrates and algae (LC50, EC50) |
| Persistence and degradability | Results of biodegradation tests and the method used |
| Bioaccumulation | Whether the substance is expected to build up in organisms |
| Mobility in soil | How easily it moves into groundwater |
| PBT and vPvB assessment | Whether it meets persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity criteria |
Values differ between grades and suppliers, so always check the SDS for the grade you use. Our SDS are listed on ESG documents.
Good practice in use
- Prevent spills of liquid lignosulfonate from reaching drains and watercourses.
- On unpaved roads, apply at the recommended rate and avoid application before heavy rain to limit run-off.
- Dispose of waste according to local regulations and the SDS.
Frequently asked questions
Is lignosulfonate biodegradable?
It is degraded slowly over time, like natural lignin, but it usually does not pass ready-biodegradability screening tests. Check the SDS of your grade.
Is lignosulfonate toxic to aquatic life?
SDS data generally report low acute aquatic toxicity, but large discharges can colour water and raise COD.
Is lignosulfonate safe for dust control on roads?
It is widely used for this, but follow the recommended rate and avoid run-off into watercourses.